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Humanity has been performing scientific research in space for decades. We have learned huge amounts about how the human body adapts to space, how plants grow and animals live in space, and how the changes in fundamental physical forces lead to differences in flames, fluids, mixing of molecules, and more. Yet we have barely begun to harness the full opportunities afforded by this incredible environment.
THE MICROGRAVITY EFFECT
For scientists, engineers, and product innovators, the persistent microgravity environment in space provides a tremendous opportunity to think differently about science and product development from whole organism to atomic-level precision. The orbiting “freefall” environment causes alterations to fundamental physical phenomena.
Loss of “directionality” as there is no "up" or "down" which leads to many different possibilities for experiment and equipment configurations.
Loss of gravity-driven convection so that fluids or gases of different densities or temperatures move differently in space than they do on Earth.
Absence of buoyancy and sedimentation so that particles don't settle and bubbles don't rise 'up' in fluids in microgravity - meaning particles can disperse very differently.
Containerless processing can be optimized in microgravity - with easy levitation and isolation of liquids, the hydrodynamic effects of contact with the sides of a container are avoided.
No hydrostatic pressure gradient because without "weight", there is no change in pressure with depth of a fluid in microgravity.
Diffusion dominates because other forces are reduced in microgravity - meaning purely diffusion-driven processes can be explored.
Capillary forces increase because, with fluids, surface tension dominates in microgravity - increasing the sizes of droplets and bubbles.
Uniform surface wetting - the spread of liquids across complex surfaces and networks - is not affected by liquid drainage.
“Ninety-five percent of what we’re trying to do is to benefit people on Earth. I never thought I’d be working with people headed to space; yet here we are.”
During Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2), the crew investigated the inflammatory response of human immune cells in microgravity, specifically the changes in mRNA decay – a process that regulates gene expression changes in cells and can influence the effects of inflammation. The goal of the mRNA Response and Stability in Microgravity & Consequences for Inflammation Research and Biotechnology (RNA Response) investigation was to study the changes of mRNA half-life in microgravity and subsequent consequences on inflammatory response. Results could provide insight into whether microgravity changes the mechanism that turns off inflammation, contributing to a better understanding of the inflammatory response in space and helping to maintain astronaut health on future missions.
In this experiment, a type of white blood cells were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) and, in parallel with experiments on the ground, cells were treated with a substance that stimulates an inflammatory response. The changes in mRNA expression and decay were studied and compared between experimental conditions to learn about mRNA expression changes, which could uncover biomarkers or potential therapies for inflammatory diseases both in space and on Earth.
Axiom Space has partnered with the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, recipient of an inaugural U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Engines grant. The NSF Engines grant allows user-inspired technical challenges to be addressed in collaboration with partnered institutions, including Axiom Space, through Innovation, Translation, and Education Cores (ITECs), each focused on a broad area of unmet need.
The ITECs will focus on Development and Manufacturing, Biomaterials, Cell Biology, In-Space Manufacturing, and Workforce Development and will be located with Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM), North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (N.C. A&T), Winston-Salem State University (WSSU), the RegenMed Development Organization (ReMDO), and Forsyth Technical Community College (FTCC), respectively. In partnership with Axiom Space the In-Space ITEC will explore a new frontier for tissue and organ regeneration in microgravity, adding significant forward-thinking engagement and workforce development through the In-Space ITEC.
Space presents opportunities that are currently unimaginable in gravity’s bounds. How might microgravity help you forge a breakthrough in your research or gain a competitive edge in your product development?
Axiom Space provides more flexible and lower-cost access to the revolutionary potential of microgravity than ever before. Our mission experts bring your product or research to Earth’s orbit, where its inimitable effects might allow you to corner the market, reshape an industry, or make a breakthrough that changes the trajectory of human innovation.
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