AstRNAuts is a project from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) aiming to characterize distinctive molecular signatures of circulating biomarkers that are altered upon exposure to the space environment. These markers will be monitored before and after the Ax-3 mission. The project is of great scientific interest to understand how space missions affect the human body in space, as these biomarkers could be used to monitor astronauts’ health status and to develop point-of-care devices for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases.