This study will investigate the effects of short-term stays in low Earth orbit on astronaut health by examining changes in the human gut microbiome. Stool samples will be collected at regular intervals before, during, and after flight and the microbiome composition analyzed. Changes in microbiome composition could impact the health of future crews, so this research can help inform dietary or medical treatments for crew in future. The research also offers insight into gut health, which could lead to improved management of gut-related conditions on Earth and development of personalized nutritrion programs.