The Mapping Astronaut Meta-GenOmics: a Microbial Profiling Research (MAGOR) project will monitor the changes in astronauts' gut, urine, and oral microbiomes before, during, and after spaceflight. By identifying changes in the body’s bacterial, fungal, and viral cultures from saliva, urine, and fecal samples, this project will provide insight into how space conditions impact human microbiomes. Insights from the research could inform strategies to maintain astronaut health and could shed light into research to manage microbiome-related conditions on Earth.